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Good Essay Topics On The Oil Industry Vs Aquatic Life
Tuesday, August 25, 2020
Huntly power station Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words
Huntly power station - Essay Example The legislature regardless of thinking pretty much all natural unsettling influences is compelled to endure as it doesn't have any elective wellspring of vitality creation. 6 Resource Management Act 6 Overview of Resource Consents 6 Aquatic Resource Consent possessed by Huntly Power Plant 7 Environmental Effects of Aquatic Resource Consent 7 References 8 Glossary 9 Abstract The paper is written so as to talk about ecological expenses and consequences of operationalization of Huntly Power Plant. The highlighted power plant is attempting to give power to greater part of individuals living in the nation of New Zealand and subsequently, governmentââ¬â¢s options are limited with regards to guideline of the Power Plant. Also, the entirety of the source assents claimed by the plant are intended to defer the unavoidable of worldwide ecological demolition. The Huntly Power Plant: An Analysis of Environmental and Societal Costs Introduction The force age business is one of the most signific ant work-lines on the planet. These offices are principally answerable for creating and providing electric capacity to mechanical and neighborhoods. Be that as it may, these force plants are running on oil and hence, their operational expenses are expanding fundamentally on a yearly premise. The natural and cultural expenses related with the activities of these force plants are likewise known to crawl up with an end of every single monetary year (Hamilton and Manne 1978). Be that as it may, the force plants don't progress in the direction of rebuilding of green condition and nor do they partake towards profiting the general public on the loose. They just spotlight on age of intensity and amplification money related returns. These offices follow a shirking technique towards administrative morals and hence, clutch the point that their motivation is to do the business and morals and cultural advantage is none of their anxiety (Logue, 1996). Furthermore, governments feel hesitant toward s inconvenience of expanded tax collection on private force plants on the grounds that along these lines, they hazard heightening previously expanding power costs. The significant partner in the matter of intensity age is the neighborhood government and because of this explanation, the legislative workplaces need to make tradeoff between low vitality costs and developing ecological concerns (Holtz, 2008). The monetary outlook of the administration constrains it to pick lower vitality costs over natural concerns unfailingly. The issue of an unnatural weather change and expanding universal temperatures has gotten an extraordinary degree of consideration of late and supporters of green living are of the view that elective vitality tasks can spare the planet. In any case, the industrialists think in any case since changing the entire world economy from oil to elective vitality sources is a serious deal and it requires significant speculations (Whitmarsh and Oââ¬â¢Neill, 2010). The el ective vitality sources, for example, wind and sunlight based vitality are anticipated to create less measure of vitality than the conventional strategies. The world financial framework isn't prepared to utilize elective vitality sources since no one trusts them at this moment. Be that as it may, in a couple of years significant oil producersââ¬â¢ yield levels are going to diminish remarkably and this cutting edge plausibility may prompt more cost related troubles for power buyers. The oil delivering organizations are expending more oil than their creation levels and along these lines, the degree of oil accessible for residential
Saturday, August 22, 2020
Free Essays on The Devolution Of Human Civility At Corcyra
The Devolution of Human Civility at Corcyra ââ¬Å"In 427, the pressure in Corcyra emitted in open common war among democrats and oligarchs.â⬠(89, Thucydides) Thus starts Thucydides depiction of the common war at Corcyra, an island off the shoreline of western Greece. Thucydides centers around the various perspectives that were predominant in Corcya over the span of the war. The common war at Corcyra caused democrats and oligarchs to change from being generally respectful with one another to get savage, barbarous, and rebel. As the Corcyrean oligarchs called upon the Spartans for help and the democrats brought in the Athenians, the two sides picked up trust in their separate endeavors, the last increasing more certainty with their more grounded partner. The war that followed was everything except tumult. Thucydidesââ¬â¢ section on Corcyra is covered with phrases like ââ¬Å"The Corcyreans continued slaughtering the same number of their own kin as they took to be their enemies.â⬠(90, Thucydides) New attitudes were embraced that must be depicted as savage. Peopleââ¬â¢s view of one another degenerated from refined to practically savage. ââ¬Å"Ill-considered strength was considered faithful masculinity; judicious wavering was held to be weakness in camouflage, and balance just the shroud of an unmanly nature.â⬠(90-1, Thucydides) Actions or mentalities that didn't show quick and evident help for oneââ¬â¢s gathering was mocked, while thoughtlessness and outrage were viewed as manly and pr aiseworthy. ââ¬Å"Sudden anger was acknowledged as a component of masculine valor, while plotting for oneââ¬â¢s own security was thought a sensible reason for postponing activity. A man who began a squabble was consistently to be trusted, while one who contradicted him was under suspicion.â⬠(91, Thucydides) Every refined human feeling appeared to have the contrary impact in Corcyra during the common war. Lines were drawn inside the gatherings of oligarchs and democrats. All were required to work for their union speculation in wording o... Free Essays on The Devolution Of Human Civility At Corcyra Free Essays on The Devolution Of Human Civility At Corcyra The Devolution of Human Civility at Corcyra ââ¬Å"In 427, the pressure in Corcyra emitted in open common war among democrats and oligarchs.â⬠(89, Thucydides) Thus starts Thucydides portrayal of the common war at Corcyra, an island off the shore of western Greece. Thucydides centers around the various perspectives that were pervasive in Corcya over the span of the war. The common war at Corcyra caused democrats and oligarchs to change from being moderately affable with one another to get savage, barbarous, and revolutionary. As the Corcyrean oligarchs called upon the Spartans for help and the democrats brought in the Athenians, the two sides picked up trust in their separate endeavors, the last increasing more certainty with their more grounded partner. The war that resulted was everything except bedlam. Thucydidesââ¬â¢ section on Corcyra is covered with phrases like ââ¬Å"The Corcyreans continued slaughtering the same number of their own kin as they took to be their enemies.â⬠(90, Thucydides) New attitudes were embraced that must be portrayed as savage. Peopleââ¬â¢s view of one another regressed from refined to practically primitive. ââ¬Å"Ill-considered intensity was considered steadfast masculinity; reasonable wavering was held to be weakness in mask, and balance only the shroud of an unmanly nature.â⬠(90-1, Thucydides) Actions or perspectives that didn't show quick and evident help for oneââ¬â¢s gathering was derided, while thoughtlessness and outrage were viewed as manly and s plendid. ââ¬Å"Sudden rage was acknowledged as a major aspect of masculine valor, while plotting for oneââ¬â¢s own security was thought a sensible reason for postponing activity. A man who began a squabble was consistently to be trusted, while one who restricted him was under suspicion.â⬠(91, Thucydides) Every refined human feeling appeared to have the contrary impact in Corcyra during the common war. Lines were drawn inside the gatherings of oligarchs and democrats. All were relied upon to work for their partnership thinking in wording o...
Wednesday, August 5, 2020
The O.C.
The O.C. Thursday night was my first Central Meeting of the year. Not only did it conflict with the season premiere of Bens favorite show, The O.C., but my meeting was actually in Orange County (well, Orlando/Winter Park, Orange County, Florida though I will be holding a meeting in the real O.C. on September 28th). My visit to Orlando, by the numbers: Number of hurricanes dodged: 1 Meals eaten at Columbia restaurant: 1 Number of intriguing yet controversial New Urbanist communities visited: 1 Total Central Meeting attendance: ~230 Number of chairs: ~180 Number of Educational Counselors (ECs) in attendance: 8 Number of questions asked about internship opportunities: 2 Number of questions about SAT scores: 0 While driving in the car yesterday, I heard MIT Civil Environmental Engineering professor Rafael Bras on the radio talking about levees and floodgates. He is doing very interesting work in a city with similar geographic traits to New Orleans, Venice. A quick Google news search produced a recent New York Times article as well: Bras says sensor technologies for detecting levee failure hold much promise. But he adds that less glamorous approaches, like regular maintenance, may be even more valuable, since prevention is always the best cure. We have to learn that things have to be reviewed, revised, maintained and repaired as needed, he said. To see a city like New Orleans suffer such devastationsome of that was preventable. He added that no matter how ambitious the coastal engineering, no matter how innovative and well maintained, the systems of levees, seawalls and floodgates were likely to suffer sporadic failures. Nature will throw big things at us once in a while, he said. Theres always the possibility that nature will trump us. Also while perusing the news on the Web, I came across an article in todays Boston Globe about Boston-area colleges, including MIT, admitting students displaced by Katrina. Two students from Tulane University who will be at MIT this semester were quoted: Natalia Gorgach, 20, an electrical engineering and mathematics major at Tulane University who will attend MIT this fall, said the pressure will be to make sure she takes advantage of her new schools resources. I just want to make the most of it, she said. To hear the displaced students tell it, school is school, rarefied or not, and so they expect to compete on equal footing with their peers. Just because we got in under special circumstances doesnt mean we wont be able to do good things, said Dorothy Hernandez, 20, a native of New Orleans who studied architecture at Tulane University and will attend MIT for the semester. I am a bit intimidated, but its real people and real classes and Tulane has prepared me well. Im glad weve been able to help out with the Katrina relief efforts. Today at 4pm is my second Central Meeting of the year, in West Palm Beach, and tomorrow is meeting #3 in South Miami at 11am. A full list of meetings can be found here. And with that, Im off to West Palm Beach, maybe Ill see you there!
Saturday, May 23, 2020
The Odyssey By Homer, The And, And The Authority Of The...
Within the masts of ships, the tests of loyalty, and the authority of the social pecking order lays the similarities and differences among powerful female characters. The Odyssey by Homer was written as a sequel to his previous work The Iliad. These books follow The Trojan War and the events following this massive war. Specifically, The Odyssey follows the journey of war hero Odysseus on his way back home to Ithaca. On his campaign filled with trials and tribulations, Odysseus received help from many important women. Bright-eyed Athena, the goddess of strategic warfare, serves as a mentor throughout Odysseusââ¬â¢ journey to his homeland, Ithaca. Calypso, the nymph with the human voice, houses Odysseus on his journey home. Eurycleia, the nurse in his placae, provides care and support to her superior, Odysseus. These three women can all be compared and contrasted to one another because of their close relationships with Odysseus, master of tactics. Odysseus would not have been succes sful on his journey home to Ithaca if it were not for women such as Athena, Calypso, and Eurycleia. Calypso and Athena share a similar relationship with Odysseus in their desire for him to return home. Calypso, the nymph with the lovely braids, housed Odysseus in the high arching caverns on her island, Ogygia. She did not want Odysseus to leave her company, but after her encounter with Hermes, the messenger god, she changed her mind. Calypso decided that it would be best to send Odysseus on his way
Monday, May 11, 2020
The Communication Process Of Veterinary Medicine - 970 Words
Growing up I always envisioned veterinary medicine as doing yearly checkups and finding solutions to medical problems. I basked in the idea of impacting the lives and welfare of animals on a daily bases. When I was young I idolized my local veterinarian because he got to travel around and work with animalsââ¬â¢ every day. He was present during some of the best and worst situations, and in the end was there as a friend. At these times, he played into an overlooked area of veterinary practice, the verbal and nonverbal communication portion. With the life style I was raised in, along with my observation time at Lee vet clinic I was able to witness both sides of the communication process. Communication both verbal and non-verbal is a two way street that needs to happen in order to provide the best care for the animal along with the well-being of the owner. With each interaction growing up with my local vet he showed both forms of communication in a way of empathy and understanding for our emotions and choices with our animals. This created a bond of trust and a borderline for animal treatments. I learned that as a practitioner building that trust can be as easy as a nonverbal smile or a verbal greeting. At Lee vet clinic I was able to witness multiple acts of understanding and empathy towards owners of animals being euthanized, or those receiving bad news. The practitioners understood that some owners were not able to take care of the animals medical needs or that the animal wasShow MoreRelatedA Common Complaint From Veterinary Clients760 Words à |à 4 PagesA common complaint from veterinary clients is the increased costs of pet care. The cost of care has risen dramatically due to the veterinarians abilities to provide advanced care for pets via the use of new diagnostics and procedures. However, this quality of care is more expensive in general practitioners, referral specialists, or emergency hospitals (Gauvin, J 2015). Companion pets are benefitting from these advances by living longer with better healthcare. These senior pets require more routineRead MoreFinal Report Chanel Lawrence CMN 279-201 Dianne Nubla November1500 Words à |à 6 PagesDianne Nubla November 2013 OPEN OPTIONS Date: November 14, 2013 To: Mr. Jason John, Client From: Chanel Lawrence, Career Councilor Subject: Career Counseling At your request I have examined the two career choices; Event Coordination and Veterinary Sciences. This report presents data documenting the job description, the salary, working conditions and educational requirements of both career paths. Event Coordinator As an event coordinator you are directly responsible for the conception, productionRead MoreInterpersonal Communication1292 Words à |à 6 Pages| | |VET105 Veterinary Office Management Research Project | | | |Software Read MoreVeterinary Field And Its Effects On Human Health1348 Words à |à 6 Pagesof many different animal species depending the veterinary field you go into while also protecting the human population from diseases spread by animals. Vets must go through a lot of schooling, but the job outlook is hopeful while the salary and helping society is all worth it. A vet treats, diagnoses, and researches animal health conditions while they are caring for the health needs of all the animals and trying to better human health in the process (ââ¬Å"Veterinariansâ⬠U.S. para. 2). Veterinarians doRead MoreWhy Veterinary Technician is the Right Career for Me861 Words à |à 3 Pagesnurse is to a docter, a Veterinary Technician is a technical assitant to a Veterinatian. For someone who is interested in becoming a veterianian one day, being a vet technican is the perfect way to test the waters. A veterinary Technician is not permitted to treat animals like a veterianary would. A vet tech is responsible for most of the task in a vets office, but they leave the diagnosing, and surgery to a actual veteraniran. A vet tech is also not allowed to perscribe medicine. Even though A vetRead MoreWhat Makes A Good Listener?1190 Words à |à 5 Pages and you were training two new hires, one has been a technician for 10 years, and the other is just starting a position in veterinary medicine, their communication needs are different. For example asking a technician of 10 years to place a catheter in an animal is different then asking a new technician to. The new technician may need to be shown or talked through the process while the new hire that has been a technician before may just need to be shown where everything is to place the catheter. TheRead More Pfizer Animal Health Essay1348 Words à |à 6 Pagessubstantial growth and internal synergy. Pfizer has more new animal health produc ts in its research pipeline today than at any other time in its history. Their products include anti-inflammatory, anti-infectious, and anti-parasitic pharmaceutical medicines, vaccines and feed additives. These products are used by cattle, swine, and poultry industries, as well as, veterinarians serving both the livestock and pet markets. The animal health segment of Pfizer accounts for approximately 10% of their totalRead MoreEmployee Competencies And Reward System For The Dental, Veterinary, And Rehabilitation Supply Markets Essay891 Words à |à 4 Pagesis a full-service distributor serving the dental, veterinary, and rehabilitation supply markets. They meet the needs of healthcare professionals by providing a total-package approach. The company employs about 6,850 people across its three business units: Patterson Dental, Patterson Veterinary and Patterson Medical. Founded in 1877, the organization began exclusively as a provider for dental merchandise. In 2001 they expande d into veterinary supply, and in 2003, medical supply distribution inRead MoreGraduation Speech : Alma College999 Words à |à 4 Pagesconcepts from financial management and health care economics to analyze real-world problems. Students also learn about health laws and legal frameworks for health care organizations. A management degree will provide students with the leadership, communication, analytical thinking and problem solving skills needed to succeed in the business world. Learning about business administration involves the exploration of psychology and the behavioral sciences in order to understand motivation, change theoriesRead MoreWashington State s Primary Land Grant University1017 Words à |à 5 Pagesor WSU, is a public research university located in Pullman, Washington. WSU is the state s primary land-grant university that was founded back in 1890. It is known for excellent agriculture, pharmacy, neuroscience, chemical engineering and veterinary medicine programs. The university is usually ranked within the top 150 high research facilities. The undergraduate enrollment is around 25,000 and the graduate enrollment is around 5,000, making it the second largest college in the state. The university
Wednesday, May 6, 2020
10 Class Maths Paper Free Essays
SAMPLE PAPER ââ¬â 2008 Class ââ¬â X SUBJECT ââ¬â MATHEMATICS Time: 3 hrs Marks: 80 General Instructions: ( I ) All questions are compulsory. ( ii ) The question paper consists of 30 questions divided into four sections ââ¬âA, B, C and D. Section A contains 10 questions of 1 mark each, Section B is of 5 questions of 2 marks each, Section C is of 10 questions of 3 marks each and section D is of 5 questions of 6 marks each. We will write a custom essay sample on 10 Class Maths Paper or any similar topic only for you Order Now ( iii ) There is no overall choice. However, an internal choice has been provided in one question of two marks each, three questions of three marks each and two questions of six marks each. ( iv ) In question on construction, the drawing should be neat and exactly as per the given measurements. ( v ) Use of calculator is not permitted. SECTION A ( Qns 1 ââ¬â 10 carry 1 mark each ) 1. If HCF ( a, b ) = 12 and a x b = 1800. Find LCM ( a, b ). 2. Find the zeros of the quadratic polynomial from the graph. Y 4 3 2 1 X Xââ¬â¢ -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 -1 -2 -3 Yââ¬â¢ 3. If the pair of linear equations x ââ¬â y = 1 and x + ky = 5 has a unique solution x = 2, y = 1, find the value of k. 4. If x = 4sin2? and y = 4 cos2? + 1. Find the value of x + y. 5. Find the value of P, if cos( 810 + ? ) = sin( P/3 ââ¬â ? ). 6. A horse is tied to a peg at one corner of an equilateral triangle shaped grass field of side 15m by means of a 7m rope. Find the area of that part of the field in which the horse can graze. 7. Two tangents PQ and PR are drawn from an external point P to a circle with centre O. If LQOR = 1200, then what is the value of LOPQ? Q O P R 8. An observer 1. 5m tall is 28. 5m away from a tower. The angle of elevation of the top of the tower from her eye is 450. What is the height of the tower? A B 450 C 1. 5m D 28. 5m E 9. The graph of the less than ogive and more than ogive intersect at the point ( 4, 15). What is the value of the median? 0. Suppose you drop a die on the rectangular region shown in fig. What is the probability that it will land inside the circle with diameter 1m ? 2m 3m SECTION B ( Qns 11 ââ¬â 15 carry 2 marks each ) 11. If 9th term of an A. P is 99 and 99th term is 9, find its 108th term. 12. A letter of English alphabet is chosen at random. What is the probability that the chosen letter is ( i ) a vowel ( ii ) a consonant. 13. If 2x + y = 35 and 3x + 4y = 65, find the value of x/y. 14. Show that the three points ( 3, 3 ), ( h, 0 ) and ( 0, k ) are collinear if 1/h + 1/k = 1/3 15. Find the zeros of the quadratic polynomial x2 + 11x + 30, and verify the relationship between the zeros and coefficients. OR Divide the polynomial p ( x ) by g ( x ) and find the quotient and remainder. p( x ) = x4 ââ¬â 3Ãâ"2 + 4x + 5 g ( x ) = x2 + 1 ââ¬â x SECTION C ( Qns 16 ââ¬â 25 carry 3 marks each ) 16. A shopkeeper buys a number of books for Rs80. If he had bought 4 more books for the same amount, each book would cost him Re 1 less. How many books did he buy? 7. Prove that v3 is irrational. 18. Find the values of k for which the quadratic equation 2Ãâ"2 ââ¬â kx + x + 8 = 0 will have real and equal roots. 19. Draw a right triangle in which the sides ( other than hypotenuse ) are of length 4cm and 3cm. Then construct another triangle whose sides are 5/3 times the corresponding sides of the given triangle. 20. Prove the following identity: 1 ââ¬â 1 = 1 ââ¬â 1 . cosec? ââ¬â cot? sin? sin? cosec? + cot? OR Without using trigonometric tables, evaluate: Sec2100 ââ¬â cot2800 + sin150cos750 + cos150sin750 . Cos? sin( 900 ââ¬â ? ) + sin? cos( 900 ââ¬â ? ) 21. In fig. DE // OQ and DF // OR. Show that EF // QR. P D E F O Q R OR XP and XQ are two tangents to a circle with centre O from a point X out side the circle. ARB is tangent to a circle at R. Prove that XA + AR = XB + BR. P A O RX Q B 22. Show that the line segment joining the points ( -5, 8 ) and ( 10, -4 ) is trisected by the coordinate axes. 23. The line segment joining A ( 6, 3 ) to B ( -1, -4 ) is doubled in length by having half its length added to each end. Find the coordinates of the new ends. 24. In fig. LACB = 900 and CD + AB. Prove that BC2 = BD AC2 AD C A D B 25. Find the area of the shaded region if radii of the two concentric circles with centre O are 14cm and 21cm respectively and LAOC = 300. O 300 B D A C OR Calculate the area of the designed region in fig. common between two quadrants of circles of radius 8cm each. cm ***** 8cm ****** 8cm ****** * * 8cm SECTION D ( Qns 26 ââ¬â 30 carry 6 marks each ) 26. Prove that in a triangle, if square of one side is equal to the sum of the squares of the other two sides, then the angle opposite to the first side is a right angle. Using the above do the following: In quadrilateral ABCD, LB = 900. If AD2 = AB2 + BC2 + CD2, then prove that LACD = 900. D C A B 27. From a stationary shop, Joseph bought two pencils and three chocklates for Rs11 and Sumeet bought one pencil a nd two chocklates for Rs7. Represent this problem in the form of a pair of linear equations. Find the price of one pencil and one chocklate graphically. 28. A man standing on the deck of a ship, which is 10m above the water level, observes the angle of elevation of the top of a hill as 600 and angle of depression of the base of the hill as 300. Calculate the distance of the hill from the ship and the height of the hill. 29. A vessel is in the form of a hemispherical bowl, surmounted by a hollow cylinder. The diameter of the hemisphere is 12cm and the total height of the vessel is 16cm. Find the capacity of the vessel. Also find the internal surface area of the vessel. OR A hollow cone is cut by a plane parallel to the base and the upper portion is removed. If the curved surface of the remainder is 8/9 of the curved surface of the whole cone, find the ratio of the line-segments into which the coneââ¬â¢s altitude is divided by the plane. 30. The following table gives the distribution of the life time of 400 neon lamps: Life time ( in hours ) |Number of lamps | |1500 ââ¬â 2000 |14 | |2000- 2500 |56 | |2500 ââ¬â 3000 |60 | |3000 ââ¬â 3500 |86 | |3500 ââ¬â 4000 |74 | |4000 ââ¬â 4500 |62 | |4500 ââ¬â 5000 |48 | Find the median life time of a lamp. OR Find the mean marks from the following data: |Marks |Number of students | |Below 10 |4 | |Below 20 |10 | |Below 30 |18 |Below 40 |28 | |Below 50 |40 | |Below 60 |70 | M . P . S U R E S H B A B U Mob: 9 4 4 7 1 4 2 9 3 4 E-mail:suresh_ malikayil@yahoo. co. in ANSWERS |1. 150 |11. 0 |21. â⬠¦Ã¢â¬ ¦.. or â⬠¦Ã¢â¬ ¦ | |2. 3, 1 |12. 5/26, 21/26 |22. â⬠¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦. | |3. k = 3 |13. 3 |23. ( 19/2, 13/2 ),(-9/2, -15/2) | |4. 5 |14. â⬠¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦ |24. â⬠¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦. | |5. p = 270 |15. -6, -5 |25. 64 1/4cm2 or 36 4/7cm2 | | |or q (x ) = x2 + x ââ¬â 3, r = 8 | | |6. 25 2/3cm2 |16. 16 |26. â⬠¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦. | |7. 00 |17. â⬠¦Ã¢â¬ ¦.. |27. Re 1, Rs 3 | |8. 30m |18. 9, -7 |28. 10 v3m, 40m | |9. 4 |19. â⬠¦Ã¢â¬ ¦.. |29. 1584cm3, 602. 88cm2 | | | |or 1:2 | |10. ? /24 |20. â⬠¦Ã¢â¬ ¦. Or 2 |30. 3406. 98 hours | | | |or 40. 7 | How to cite 10 Class Maths Paper, Papers
Friday, May 1, 2020
Pest of South China Football Club free essay sample
Not many people could expect that Hong Kong national football team could beat Japan national team and got their first gold medal in East Asia Game 2009. The amazing result not only stole the spotlight from public but also made The Hong Kong Government rethink about the development of local football market. A marketing research company was invited by government to analysis the environment of local football market and recommended some of the strategy for enhancing the building of the market. It was expected that the rank of the Hong Kong football will rise to the top n Asia within 10 years. For the football development proposal, not many people showed optimistic attitude, because of a lot of difficulties which all local football clubs can not ignore. Now, it will be explained how the political, economic and social factors challenge the development of local football club by an analysis of local football market using PEST model. Also, a legendary of local football club South China Athletic Association Football Club (SCFC) will be as example for explaining their strategy against such factors. PEST Analysts PEST analysis stands for Political, Economic, Social and Technology analysis. It is a useful strategic tool for understanding market growth or decline, business position, potential and direction for operation. As the technological factor have not brought a high threat to the local football market, the factor will not be mentioned in the following analysis. Political For a developing football market, the role of Government is essential. It is because the amount of investment liked the facilities, the youth development and the subsidy of operation cost in football club are very huge. Few business investors would have incentive to take the responsibility when the size of market is still very small. Thus, only the government can take the responsibility in creating an environment and attract football investor. J league is a successful representative. However, obviously, the support from Hong Kong government is far from enough. In Hong Kong, only the football club in B and C division can gain subsidy from the government, when the club raises to A division, the subsidy will be cut immediately. Although the subsidy is Just 300 thousands a year in maximum, the cut of subsidy till bring not less football club in a financial difficulty. For instance, Eastern Football Team, a traditional local football club, decided to downgrade to C division due to the financial difficulty during 2008/2009. Furthermore, the support of youth development from government is not sufficient. (HKSI). As a result, the funding is obviously insufficient compared with other sports. According to the fgures in 2009-2010 from Leisure and Cultural Services Department, the youth development funding to the item of football is HKD 139 a people compared with squash which is HKD 352 a people. In the total 58 of sport item in HKSI, the amount of funding in football is 55 th. It seems that government does not emphasize on the development of local football at all. Thus, compared with 60s to 80s, there are few youth potential footballs player can be found nowadays, Economy In Hong Kong, political factor is seems the core factor which affect the football market. However, we still should not underestimate the factor of economy. Since 2008, the financial tsunami has flow the global economy. Hong Kong, as an international city, was apparently not avoidable. Thus, there is no wonder the football market is also affected. Generally, the main income of a football club is come from three sources the sale of football ticket, the business sponsor and the sales of promotional football item. Some of world football club liked Manchester United can generate over than 3 Billion a year from those sources. In Hong Kong, the situation is a little bit different.. Unlike the period during 60s to 80s, there are Just few football clubs gain business sponsor nowadays. The sale of promotional football items also exist in some sizable football club only. The main sources of income for a majority of football club come from the sale of gate ticket and the investment from investor. According to the announcement of HKFA, the average sale of ticket was Just HKD 1837, 92 dunng 2008/09. In 2009/2010, the sale lower, dropped to HKD 1594, 74. The amount is even not able to pay the salary of football player. Although the price of football ticket is affordable, football ticket is not a necessity. In addition, there are lots of different choices likes England premier league, Spain premier league which can be watched in TV football channel. Thus, it is not wonder the result is reflected the influence by the economy downturn, Furthermore, economical recession not only affected the sale of football ticket, but also the incentive of investment by investor that is fatal factor for almost all the club. Chan Ping, a coach of Wo Fu Tai Po Football club, claimed that the operation cost is at least HKD 5 millions per year. It is not affordable if they Just rely on the sale of football ticket without the investment of investor. However, Chan also added a sad truth that 9 of 10 football clubs make a loss. Thus, lots of investor will prefer cutting heir investment to football club under economical recession. For example, Tuen Mun Progoal Football Club was disqualified due to financial difficulties after their investor cut their investment during 2009/2010. Generally, the income of a football club is depended on how many supporter they have. In 60s-80s, the performance of local football team was brilliant. The ranking of Hong Kong national team was top in Asia. Most of famous football stars were emerged liked Yiu Chak Yin, George best, Chow Chee Keong. As a result, the popularity of football market was very hot during the time. Mostly, the Hong Kong Stadium was full when there was football match. It was the golden time of local football market. However, after the mid of 90s, due to the All Chinese Trend , the performance of Hong Kong football team dropped year by year, as a result the bright time was never came back. The number of audiences could reflect the truth. According to the report of investigation of local football consultant , during 2008/2009, the number of audience in average was Just 1128. The figure reflected that the local football market was no longer popular. The change has brought tangible and intangible consequences. For tangible onsequence, the change not only affected the sale of football ticket, but also lowered the incentive of commercial sponsor. During 60s to 80s, commercial sponsors to football club were very common, liked Seiko, Bulova, Lai Sun. However, following the decline of football market, the number of commercial sponsor was also declined.. It directly affected the income of all football clubs. For intangible consequence, unlike the bright period during 60s to 80s, professional football player is no longer treated as an admirable career. Instead, a professional player may be treated as an unprofessional, low salary and no future career. In many cases, a fresh football player may Just earn 6-7 k a month, some maybe even lower. Few younger with high education level would choose a professional football player as their career. Thus, over the ten years, there are few outstanding football star was emerged and the total average performance of local football club was dropped. To summarize the above factors, there are three difficulties that all local football clubs are facing The storage of financial support , the difficulties of seeking young potential football player and the decline of supporter. The three difficulties are faced y all football clubs and there is no exception. Now, it is going to explain how SCFC responded to the challenge and what strategy they used. South China Athletic Association Football Club (SCFC) South China Football Club (SCFC), founded in 1904 but played under its present name from 1908, is one of the most famous football clubs in Hong Kong. During the past, there were lots of super football stars were developed by the club liked Lee Wai Tong, Yiu Chak Yin, Lee kin Wo. Not surprising, the team has won all the honors in Hong Kong. However, in 2003 2006, because of the All-Chinese policy, the club faced the ardest time in their history. If the number of teams were not increased from eight to ten since 2005/2006, the famous club must not be avoidable dropping into the back to the top of football team in Hong Kong. The strategy of South China Football Club Building the brand name In a marketers view, building a brand name is essential. A successful brand name can ensure their sale increasing and make a block against competitors with less resource. Thus, SCFC also followed the rule building the brand name as their first priority. First, nowadays online marketing is very popular as a strategy of promoting goods nd building relationship with customers. Thus, SCFC also tried to develop relationship though this way. For instance, Mr Lo Kin Shing, the head of SCFC, has built a blog and insists on writing some news or some opinion about SCFC every day. It is a way to make the relationship between fans and SCFC become closer and increase the loyalty of fans to club. Second, liked what other foreign football club do, creating a mascot is also a way developing the brand name. In 2007, SCFC created SCAA Family as their first mascot. It not only helps developing the image of club but also increases the sale through elling the related items. Third, as a football player, nowadays is not supposed focusing on playing football only. In order to gain more publicity, the football players in SCFC have been arranged acting in TV shows, TV program liked Flight of South China in Dream. The brand name of SCFC has been apparently developed. SCFC not Just represent as one of football team in local football league but as a representative of Hong Kong football. According to the information from HKFC , the average of ticket sale last year was around HKD148000, but SCFC is over HKD 466000 that is over than 3 times of average amount. Also, SCFC have gained sponsor from different famous brand over few years liked Emporio Armani, Adidas, Panasonic. It proved that SCFC have taken benefit from the influence of their brand name. Attracting young potential player One of the main reasons why it is hard to attract young potential player to Join the local football market is that the average of salary is too low. For example, in Wo Fu Tai Po football team, some of their players even need to find one more part-time Job to earn their living. In order to tackle the problem, Mr Lo has promised that the salary of their player must be over the average of the market. Some of their players liked Chan Siu Ki even earns around 40 thousands a month which meet the salary level of business professions. Another reason why local football market is not attractive for younger is that there that the path of being a professional football player is a very long and harsh progress. Thus, younger must have a football star as a model they can follow. Otherwise, they will not have incentive enough to seek for being a professional player. Thus, SCFC also created their football star. Chan No. 7 (Chan Siu Ki). After East Asia Game 2009, due to the amazing performance in this game, Chan became very ot. Mr Lo did not miss the chance promoting Chan as the icon of SCFC. When there were any promotions of SCFC, Chan would be required to act as an ambassador. Also, Mr Lo helped publishing a memoir of Chan, in order to promoting Chan as a successful football star. SCFC successfully detached the typical image of local football player which were unprofessional, low salary and no future. Instead, they let their team become professional, high income and admirable. Strengthen the ability From the view of football fans, the most consideration must be the performance of match. In order to strength the ability of football club, SCFC built a partnership with Tottenham Hotspur Football Club, a famous football club in England Premier League in 2009. In the partnership, Totternham significantly supports SCFC s coaching development through the exchange of scientific data, coaching materials and visits of coaching staffs to and from both teams. Though this partnership, it is believed that SCFC can directly learn the experience from the English football club and enhance the ability. Also, over the few years, SCFC showed actively in the transfer market. The majority of ootball stars in Hong Kong were also brought in the Club. According to the clubs information, the budget of the club for the coming league will be around 15 millions that is over 10 times of some of local football clubs. Thus, it is not surprising SCFC could win almost all the competition in local league over the past few years. The performance of SCFC over past few years proved that their strategy was success. The club not only continuingly climbs to the highest in local league for 4 times over the past 4 years, but also getting a satisfied result rank 4 in AFC Cup in 2009.. Conclusion The success of South China was not Just depended on good player and good coach but the combination of commercial and sport elements. Unlike other CEO of local football club, Mr Lo aimed to make his club be profitable and he did. In the nearly future, after the successful model of South China, it is believed that another club will also follow its model that make the local football market become much more commercial and raise the level of football market.
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